Proterozoic Metallogeny (2.5–0.65 Ga): geodynamics of the Earth (supercontinent cycle) and ore forming processes
Abstract
Proterozoic ore deposits, such as orogenic Au, volcanogenic sulfide, porphyry Mo-Cu-Ag and Pb-Zn sedimentary-exhalative deposits (Zavar, state of Rajasthan, India) were formed during the assembly of the Pangea Proterozoic supercontinent, which some researches also name as Columbia. The ~1.9 Ga global-scale events expressed in the introduction into the continental crust of mafic-ultramafic melts related to the mantle upwelling played a significant role in the formation of Ni-Cu sulfide, Fe-Ti-V, and PGE deposits. Destruction of the continental crust, formation of sedimentary basins and intracratonic anorogenic magmatism were caused by breakup phases of the supercontinent around 1.5–1.2 Ga. Formation of some major deposits, such as hydrothermal-magmatic iron oxide-copper-gold (e.g. Olympic-Dam), Pb-Zn and Cu-sandstone stratified, Sn and U unconformity-type deposits is confined to these phases.
About the Author
S. I. Turchenko
RAS Institute of the Precambrian Geology and Geochronology (IPGG RAS)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Chief Researcher
References
1. Larin A. M. Granity rapakivi i assotsiiruyushchie porody [Rapakivi granites and associated rocks]. St. Petersburg: Nauka. 2011. 402 p.
2. Bogdanov Yu. B., Bur’yanov Eu. Z., Kutyrev Ye. I. et al. Stratifitsirovannye mestorozhdeniya medi SSSR [Stratiphic copper deposits of USSR]. Leningrad: Nedra. 1973. 312 p.
3. Turchenko S. I. Metallogeniya metamorfogennykh sul’fidnykh mestorozhdeniy Baltiyskogo shchita [Metallogeny of metamorphic sulphide deposits Baltic Shield]. Leningrad: Nauka. 1978. 120 p.
4. Turchenko S. I. Metallogeniya tektonicheskikh struktur paleoproterozoya [Metallogeny of tectonic structures Paleoproterozoic]. St. Petersburg: Nauka. 2007. 175 p.
5. Turchenko S. I., Rozen O. M. Minerageny of Anabar Shield. Otechestvennaya geologiya. 2012. No. 3. – Pp. 8–16. (In Russian).
6. Turchenko S. I., Vrevsky A. B., Dagelaysky V. B. Metallogeny of Precambrian India. Geologiya rudnykh mestorozhdeniy. 009. Vol. 51. No. 4. Pp. 355–368. (In Russian).
7. Amelin, Yu. A., Heamen, L. M., Semenov, V. S. 1995: U-Pb geochronology of layered mafic intrusions in the eastern Baltic Shield: implication for the timing and duration of Paleoproterozoic continental rifting. Precambrian Research. 75. 31–46.
8. Anbar, A. D., Duan, Y., Lyons, T. W. et al. 2007: A whiff of oxygen before the great oxidation event? Science. 317. 1903–1906.
9. Barley, M. E., Groves, D. I. 1992: Supercontinent cycles and the distribution of metal deposits through time. Geology. 20. 291–294.
10. Bekker, A., Slack, J. F., Planavsky, N., Krapež, B. et al. 2010: Iron formations: the sedimentary product of a complex interplay among mantle, tectonic, oceanic, and biosphere processes. Economic Geology. 105. 467–508.
11. Belousova E. A., Kostitsyn, Y. A., Griffin, W. L. et al. 2010: The growth of the continental crust: constraints from zircon Hf-isotope data. Lithos. 119. 457–466.
12. Bleeker, W. 2003: The late Archean record: a puzzle in ca. 35 pieces. Lithos. 71. 99–134.
13. Condie, K. C., Aster, R. C. 2010: Episodic zircon age spectra of orogenic granitoids: the supercontinent connection and continental growth. Precambrian Research. 180. 227–236.
14. Costi, H. T., Dall’Agnol, R., Pychavant, M. et al. 2009: The peralkaline mineralized Madeira cryolite albite-rich granite of Pitinga, Amazonian craton, Brazil: petrography, mineralogy and crystallisation processes. Canadian Mineralogy. 47. 1301–1327.
15. Dall’Agnol, R., Costi, H. T., Leite, A. A. et al. 1999: Rapakivi granites from Brazil and adjacent areas. Precambrian Research. 95. 9–39.
16. Deb, M., Thorpe, R. I., Cumming, G. L. et al. 1989: Age, source and stratigraphic implications of Pb isotope data for conformable, sediment-hosted, base metal deposits in the Proterozoic Aravalli-Delhi orogenic belt, northwestern India. Precambrian Research. 43. 1–22.
17. Duane, M. J., Kruger, F. J., Turner, A. M. et al. 2004: The timing and isotopic character of regional hydrothermal alteration and associated epigenetic mineralization in the western sector of the Kaapvaal craton (South Africa). Journal of African Earth Sciences. 38. 461–476.
18. Evans, D. A. D., Mitchell, R. N. 2011: Assembly and breakup of the core of Paleoproterozoic-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Nuna. Geology. 39. 443–446.
19. Goldfarb, R. J., Groves, D. I., Gardoll, S. 2001. Orogenic gold and geologic time: a global synthesis. Ore Geology Review. 18. 1–75.
20. Goldfarb, R. J., Bradley, D., Leach, D. L. 2010: Secular variation in economic geology. Economic Geology. 105. 459–465.
21. Groves D. I., Goldfarb, R. J., Gebre-Mariam, M. et al. 1998: Orogenic gold deposits: a proposed classification in the context of their crustal distribution and relationship to other gold deposit types. Ore Geology Review. 13. 7–27.
22. Groves, D. I., Condie, K. C., Goldfarb, R. J. et al. 2005: Secular changes in global tectonic processes and their influence on the temporal distribution of gold-bearing mineral deposits. Economic Geology. 100. 203–224.
23. Groves, D. I., Bierlein, F. P., Meinert, L. D. et al. 2010: Iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposits through Earth history: implications for origin, lithospheric setting, and distinction from other epigenetic iron oxide deposits. Economic Geology. 105. 641–654.
24. Heaman, L. M., Peck, D., Toope, K. 2009: Timing and geochemistry of 1.88 Ga Molson igneous events, Manitoba: insight into the formation of a craton-scale magmatic and metallogenic province. Precambrian Research. 172. 143–162.
25. Hitzman, M. W., Selley, D., Bull, S. 2010: Formation of sedimentary rock-hosted copper deposits through Earth history. Economic Geology. 105. 627–639.
26. Hou, G., Santosh, M., Qian, X. et al. 2008: Configuration of the Late Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia: insights from radiating mafic dyke swarms. Gondwana Research. 14, 395–409.
27. Houston, D. L., Pehrsson, S., Eglington, B. M. et al. 2010: The geology and metallogeny of volcanic-hosted massive sulfide deposits: variations through geologic time and with tectonic setting. Economic Geology. 105. 571–591.
28. Isley, A. E., Abbott, D. H. 1999: Plume-related mafic volcanism and the deposition of banded iron formations. Journal of Geophysical Research. 104. 15461–15477.
29. Kaur, P., Chaudhri, N., Raczek, I. et al. 2011: Zircon ages of late Palaeoproterozoic (ca. 1.72–1.70 Ga) extension-related granitoids in NE Rajasthan, India: regional and tectonic significance. Gondwana Research. 19. 1040–1053.
30. Kerrich, R., Goldfarb R. J., Richards J. P. 2005: Metallogenic provinces in an evolving geodynamic framework. Economic Geology. 100. 1097–1136.
31. Leach, D. L., Bradley, D. C., Huston, D. 2010: Sediment-hosted lead zinc deposits in Earth history. Economic Geology. 105. 593–625.
32. Li, Z. X., Bogdanova, S. V., Collins, A. S. et al. 2008: Assembly, configuration, and break-up history of Rodinia: a synthesis. Precambrian Research. 160. 179–210.
33. Li, N., Chen, Y. J., Santosh, M. et al. 2011: The 1.85 Ga Mo mineralization in the Xiong’er Terrane, China: implications for metallogeny associated with assembly of the Columbia supercontinent. Precambrian Research. 186. 220–232.
34. Meert, J. G. 2012: What’s in a name? The Columbia (Paleopangaea/Nuna) supercontinent. Gondwana Research. 21. 987–993.
35. Meert, J. G., Lieberman, B. S. 2008: The Neoproterozoic assembly of Gondwana and its relationship
36. to the Ediacaran-Cambrian Radiation. Gondwana Research. 14. 5–21.
37. Pesonen, L. J., Elming, S. A., Mertanen, S. 2003: Paleomagnetic configuration of continents during Proterozoic. Tectonophusics. 375. 289–321.
38. Rogers, J. J. W., Santosh, M. 2002: Configuration of Columbia, a Mesoproterozoic supercontinent. Gondwana Research. 5. 5–22.
39. Santosh, M., Maruyama, S., Yamamoto, S. 2009: The making and breaking of supercontinents: some speculations based on super plumes, super down welling and the role of tectosphere. Gondwana Research. 15. 324–341.
40. Vishwakarma, R. K. 1996: 1.66-Ga-old metamorphosed Pb-Cu deposit in Sargipali (eastern India): Manifestations of tidal flat environment and sedex-type genesis. Precambrian Research. 77. 117–130.
41. Zhao, G., Sun, M., Wilde, S. A. et al. 2004: A Paleo-Mesoproterozoic supercontinent: assembly, growth and breakup. Earth-Science Reviews. 67. 91–12.
Review
For citations:
Turchenko S.I. Proterozoic Metallogeny (2.5–0.65 Ga): geodynamics of the Earth (supercontinent cycle) and ore forming processes. Regional Geology and Metallogeny. 2020;(81):97–104. (In Russ.)
Views:
29
Email this article 