The first structural maps of the studied part of the Arctic superbasin were compiled. The studied part of the Arctic Superbasin consists of ten sedimentary basins and twelve uplifts separating them. First interregional correlation scheme of seismostratigraphyc sections was created. It contains the characteristics of seismic complexes in 32 points of the region. The correlation scheme reveals the entire history of the geological development of the region from the Middle Riphean to the present day. The necessity of separate compilation of tectonic maps of the sedimentary cover and the underlying substrate is substantiated. Structural maps of the region and Correlation Scheme are proposed as initial starting models for the forthcoming monitoring study of the geological environment of the region.

A change in geology of the northeastern Volga-Ural Anticlise from the Precambrian to the Jurassic, in particular the Upper Kama Depression, which became part of the Glazov Depression in the Permian, is traced. The configuration of domes and depressions on the up-to-date tectonic map (base map of oil and gas geology) corresponds mainly to the geology of the major oil and gas complex, which is Lower-Middle Carboniferous in the studied area. New data on the stratigraphy of the Urzhumian and Severodvinian stages of the Permian system in the eastern Volga-Ural Anticlise are given, which confirm the Urzhumian (Belokholunitskian) age of the Ocherian tetrapod fauna. To predict stratiform manganese peroxide ore in the studied area, it is recommended to use the proposed structural-tectonic map based on the geology of Middle-Upper Permian and Mesozoic deposits.

The proposed paper outlines the main approaches to the integrated acquisition of hydrographic data on Lake Baikal using special geophysical equipment, the Kongsberg EM710S multibeam echo sounder, as well as the Knudsen CHIRP 3260 subbottom profiler. As a result, a digital model of the underwater surface near the village of Bolshoye Goloustnoye is presented. It made it possible to identify well-developed ridges and slopes along the underwater slope, as well as to determine the places where gas seeps out from the bottom.

A three-dimensional digital hydrogeochemical model of the area was created. Sedimentogenic methane weakly saline alkaline waters are presumably widespread in the deep part of the section of the Baikal artesian basin. A stable association of lithophilic components (Li, B, Na, Si, K, Rb, Hf, W) in maximum anomalous concentrations (Х_av.+3σ) was revealed in the thermal water of the Central Eco-Zone (CEZ) of Lake Baikal, which made it possible to identify areas of deep groundwater recharge. It was shown that free gases in Lake Baikal in areas with a thick cover of Cenozoic sedimentary rocks had a methane and nitrogen-methane composition, while in other places their composition was nitrogen. The isotopic composition of natural waters was studied.

The paper describes features of hydrogeochemical composition of bottom waters and temperature regime in the bed zone of Lake Baikal. Estimated coefficient or temperature gradient is proposed, which allows the analysis of the temperature regime, regardless of the depth of sampling of bottom water and soil. It is identified that objects of natural hydrocarbon migration and near-bottom hydrogeochemical anomalies are accompanied by anomalous values of the temperature gradient. The obtained results suggest that the destruction of gas hydrate with active release of methane occurs because of local bottom heating. The processes are accompanied by active substance mobilization and its involvement in migration. The temperature regime in the northern basin of the lake differs from the rest of the lake that may indicate the absence of near-bottom occurrences of gaseous crystalline hydrate in this part of the lake.

An up-to-date geomorphological diagram of the bottom of Lake Baikal was compiled. Geological and geomorphological studies showed that denudation-tectonic processes are the leading topography-forming factor. The great influence of geomorphological zoning on the distribution of bottom manifestations of gas crystalline hydrates was found. Three types of hydrate manifestations were identified depending on the geomorphological position.

The confirmed existence of trends in magmatic fractionation in the mantle and in the crystalline crust, the correspondence of the isotopic age and crystallization temperature of their various rocks to the sequence of formation during fractionation, the sharp chemical nonequilibrium of mantle rocks with metallic iron of the Earth's core, and other data indicate hot heterogeneous accretion of the Earth and the existence of a global magma ocean. Lowpressure crystallization and fractionation of the near-bottom parts of the early still shallow magma ocean under the impact of the load of its forming upper parts led to the formation of large amount of acid residual melts. These melts resulted in the formation of acid crystalline crust. Its frictional heating and melting under the influence of tectonic deformations and subsequent decompression during ascent lead to the formation of granite magma. With an increase in the depth of their solidification, an independent fluid phase appears with an increasing degree of crystallization, when high concentrations of ore and volatile components that carry it out are reached in a small amount of residual melt. This the reason for significantly greater ore content of deep-seated hydrotherms as compared to shallow ones and the relationship of rich hydrothermal deposits with deep parts of granitoid intrusions.

The paper deals with controversial issues in geology that cannot be satisfactorily explained using the theory of lithospheric plates and can be resolved using alternative hypothesis of the expanding and pulsating Earth. Supposed periods of increase and decrease in the size of the Earth are associated with cosmic factors, including a change in the position of the solar system relative to the center of the galaxy. Generalized results of a statistical analysis of the association of mineral deposits to different stratigraphic intervals are given as a proof of the validity of the concept concerning the rhythmic Earth pulsation, caused by the solar system movement along the galactic orbit. Paleontological data can evidence the gradual Earth expansion; they may also indicate fluctuations in some physical parameters of the Earth in the geological past. It is inferred that a consistent interpretation of a large group of heterogeneous facts is possible only within the framework of a new theory of the Earth structure and evolution, in which not only certain provisions of plate tectonics will find a place, but also other previously proposed views on the Earth evolution.