Ten species of four genera of the Astartidae Family – Astarte, Eriphyla, Disparilia and Opis from Lower Cretaceous in western part of Central Asia: Kazakhstan (Mangyshlak) and Turkmenistan (Tuarkyr, Kubadag, Bolshoi and Maly Balkhans and Kopetdag) are described.

Geology and chemical composition of the Neoarchaean granites from the Karelian Province, the Baltic Shield, have been studied. It is shown that the granites is widespread over the area of the province and formed during a short time interval of 2.68–2.72 Ga. Variations in chemical composition are mainly caused by variations in rare and RE element grades controlled by the restite mineral composition, which depends on the pressure and melting temperature in the source. The Nd isotope composition in the granites within the Vodlozero domain indicate on an old crust source, such as old rocks of the TTG association. In the most granites of other domains, it indicates on the separation of the source from the protolyte shortly before the initial melt formation. Variety of geological forms and chemical composition of the granites are not caused by variations in the geodynamic setting.

Geology of the north Ny-Friesland Peninsula (Spitsbergen Archipelago) are discussed based on data of geological surveys at a scale of 1:100,000. In the paper presented are new data on two metamagmatite complexes: ultrabasite and gabbroid, whose numerous bodies intrude the Early Proterozoic gneiss, quartzite, and amphibolite of the Atomfjella series. The ages of these metamagmatites (1471 ± 13 and 1349 ± 11 Ma, respectively) were first determined by the U-Pb zircon method that indicates endogenous processes of later stages of the old craton thermal activation.

The modern structure and morphology of the Central Arctic domain has been formed as a result of the Oligocene – Quaternary evolution stage. The neotectonic stage was triggered by the final episode of the Eurekan orogeny resulted in the formation of several complex deformation zones onshore of Canadian Arctic Archipelago, north and NE Greenland, and Svalbard, as well as offshore of the Beaufort Sea. Prior to this stage, the prototypic terrain of the Arctic Basin already comprised most of the modern morphological structures, however, it was characterized by fairly smooth local topographic relief. Ridges and plateaus were located within the distal neritic or upper bathyal zone, but the surrounding depressions occurred in the middle part of the bathyal zone. The blocky differential subsidence of the entire Arctic Basin occurred during the neotectonic stage.

Four litho-stratigraphic units correlated with various stages of the Baltic Sea evolution during the Late Quaternary have been identified in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Forms of the chemical elements occurrence in these sediments are poorly studied. The geochemical specialization of sediments having different ages is characterized by a specific ratio between forms of the chemical elements occurrence. The most common forms of chemical elements occurrence in the sediments of all identified stages are poorly reactive and (hydr) oxide forms.

Surface loading resulted from intense urban development of coastal areas can cause minor land subsidence and relative sea level rise. The subsidence strongly depends on physical properties of the lithosphere, asthenosphere, and mantle, as well the loading and its change rate. The magnitude and area of the urban surface load over time were assessed for one possible scenario of urban expansion in the Saint-Petersburg region (2020–2120) with a preliminary estimation of the potential impact. The immediate elastic response and further isostatic subsidence caused by the urban loading can accelerate future flooding of the lowest coastal regions such as the Saint-Petersburg metropolitan area, and thus represent an additional geological hazard. The rate and magnitude of the elastic and isostatic depression are disputable, since they depend on different estimates of elastic properties and the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere respectively.

Proterozoic ore deposits, such as orogenic Au, volcanogenic sulfide, porphyry Mo-Cu-Ag and Pb-Zn sedimentary-exhalative deposits (Zavar, state of Rajasthan, India) were formed during the assembly of the Pangea Proterozoic supercontinent, which some researches also name as Columbia. The ~1.9 Ga global-scale events expressed in the introduction into the continental crust of mafic-ultramafic melts related to the mantle upwelling played a significant role in the formation of Ni-Cu sulfide, Fe-Ti-V, and PGE deposits. Destruction of the continental crust, formation of sedimentary basins and intracratonic anorogenic magmatism were caused by breakup phases of the supercontinent around 1.5–1.2 Ga. Formation of some major deposits, such as hydrothermal-magmatic iron oxide-copper-gold (e.g. Olympic-Dam), Pb-Zn and Cu-sandstone stratified, Sn and U unconformity-type deposits is confined to these phases.

Results of a microprobe analysis of mineral compositions of the Serbeyan kimberlite: olivine, pyrope, phlogopite, sodalite, pyroxenes, spinelids, etc. The magmatic source of the Serbeyan kimberlites was formed as a result of melting of metasomatized garnet lerzolite under the influence of alkaline chloride fluids. Based on the evolution of the phlogopite composition, it can be assumed that the initial magma could have a lamprophyric (lamproite?) сomposition, the evolution of which took place according to the orangeite trend.